Inter-VLAN routing is a process of forwarding network traffic from one VLAN to another using a router.
To allow devices connected to the various VLANs to communicate with each other, you need to connect an intermediary network device. For the record, each VLAN is a unique broadcast domain, so, computers on separate VLANs are, by default, not able to communicate. There is a way to permit these computers to communicate; it is called inter-VLAN routing.

One of the ways to carry out inter-VLAN routing is by connecting a router to the switch infrastructure. VLANs are connected with unique IP subnets on the network. This subnet configuration enables the routing process in a multi-VLAN network. When using a router to facilitate inter-VLAN routing, the router interfaces can be connected to separate VLANs. Devices on those VLANs communicates with each other via the router.

There are different methods for accomplishing inter-VLAN routing:

i. Traditional Inter-VLANrouting. This type of packet routing process requires multiple physical interfaces on both the router and the switch.

ii. Router-on-a-stick. This is a type of Inter-VLAN router configuration in which a single physical interface routes traffic between multiple VLANs on a network.

A router interface is configured to operate as a trunk link and is connected to a switch port configured in trunk mode. The router performs this type of routing process by accepting VLAN tagged traffic on the trunk interface coming from the adjacent switch and internal routing between the VLANs using sub interfaces. The router then forwards the routed traffic-VLAN tagged for the destination VLAN out the same physical interface.

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